![]() When you think about it, decomposing processes into ITTO reduces each to its most fundamental and basic components, and does so in a standardized manner that is equally applicable for all processes and projects. ITTO are a standardized means of systematically using the same method of developing and executing processes and projects. The PMBOK® Guide is divided into 10 Project Management Knowledge Areas, each of which is developed and supported by the 5 Project Management Process Groups, where applicable – this results in a total of around 50 processes. ITTO are the logical extension of the classification/standardization system used in the PMBOK® Guide. The Project Management Plan is an Input for almost half of the Project Management processes. Examples include:Ī product, result, or service generated by a process. Project management information system(s)Ī defined systematic procedure employed by a human resource to perform an activity to produce a product or result or deliver a service, and that may employ one or more tools.Something tangible, such as a template or software program, used in performing an activity to produce a product or result. ![]() Organizational Process Assets (OPA), such as standardized guidelines, work instructions, project management templates, project files from previous projects, and other historical information, etc.Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF), such as government or industry standards, project management information system, organizational structure, culture, practices, and infrastructure, etc.May be an output from a predecessor process. But, how are these terms defined? The following definitions and examples are taken directly from the Glossary and/or text, respectively, of the PMBOK® Guide – Sixth Edition: InputsĪny item, whether internal or external to the project which is required by a process before that process proceeds. Let's start with the basics and then work through the "why's" and "how's." I've already stated in this Guide that ITTO stands for Inputs, Tools, Techniques, and Outputs. ITTO, and the Project Management Processes they support, have similar logical sequencing constraints and relationships.įinally, to understand how a house is built, it is more important to know and understand the interrelationships and sequencing of construction activities than it is fixating on variable details, such as out how many nails may be needed – the same is true for processes and this Complete Guide will show you why. For example, you can't frame the house until the foundation is constructed and you can't wire or plumb the house until it is framed. To take the house building example even further, there is an order to constructing a house and relationships between construction actions and activities. To build a house you need Inputs (plans, specifications, permits, financing, building materials, etc.), then you proceed to construction by using Tools and Techniques (skilled labor and trades, concrete, framing, electrical, plumbing, finish work, etc.) when done, you have a house as your Output. This is where ITTO come in, they allow you to build the house (or, processes and projects in our case). The same location and materials are included in both yet one is a pile of "things," the other can be a home that nurtures a family. We all recognize there is a world of difference between a pile of building materials on plot of land and a finished house. ![]() I find putting things context helps me to understand them better in this case, using an analogy of building a house works well. ![]() Also read PMBOK® Guide 6th Edition Knowledge Areas for Project Management - Process Groups and Processes - The Complete Guide for more on the relationships between Knowledge Areas and Process Groups. Inputs, Tools, Techniques, and Outputs are the foundation and infrastructure of the Project Management processes discussed in the PMBOK® Guide. Focus on the relationships, not the lists. The PrepCast talks about this, but after taking a few practice exams I found that studying the flow of ITTOs between processes was one thing that I needed to focus on on my own using the PMBOK® Guide, and this definitely paid off on the real exam.
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